D.3.3

=__D.3.3 Compare the structures of morphine, codeine and diamorphine (commonly known as heroin, a semi-synthetic opiate).__=

Structures of morphine, codeine and diamorphine(heroin): C17H19NO3 3D interactive structure for [|morphine]! || C18H21NO3 3D interactive structure for [|codeine]! || C21H23NO5 3D interactive structure for [|diamorphine] ! || - Morphine and Codeine have identical structures except for the HO and H3CO on the top left corner of their structures and the Me and CH3 connected to N. - There is one more Carbon atom and two more Hydrogen atoms in Codeine than in Morphine. - All three structures involve Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen atoms.
 * **=**Morphine:**=** || **=**Codeine:**=** || **=**Diamorphine (Heroin):**=** ||
 * [[image:http://911review.com/motive/imgs/morphine.jpg align="left"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Codeine.png width="247" height="214"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Heroin_-_Heroine.svg/332px-Heroin_-_Heroine.svg.png width="304" height="229"]] ||

Codine is produced through O-Methylation(addition or substition of an atom or a group) of morphine

__Heroin__, or diamorphine, is a white or brown powder that you can snort, smoke, swallow or inject. It is many times more potent than morphine, and also much more addictive. Heroin is created through the acetylation of the two hydroxyl groups (the -OH groups) of morphine with __acetyl chloride__. The two OH groups are replaced with with -OCOCH3 (acetyl chloride) resulting in the structure of diamorphine/heroin.
 * Acetylation of Morphine:**


 * Acetylation is a reaction in which an acetyl functional group (CH3 CO) is combined with a chemical compound to form a new compound by replacing the hydrogen atom of an -OH group with an acetyl group.